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来源：大发平台官方2022-01-27 17:48

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

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职工退休“一件事”打包办，山东省人社厅深化“放管服”改革便民又惠企******

　　近年来，为进一步深化“放管服”改革，提升企业和群众的满意度，山东省人社厅不断创新“一件事”改革，跑出了便民惠企加速度。近日，“员工招用”“灵活就业”“企业职工退休”三个“一件事”在山东政务服务网正式上线，标志着山东省人社厅在“一件事”改革上迈出了重要一步。

　　“员工招用”一件事中包含社保登记、公积金开户、就业登记等6个服务事项，涉及人社、医保、住建三个部门。改革以前，企业办理这些事项，需要跑多个部门，反复递交材料。集成办理后，企业可一次性完成用人单位招用人员就业登记、社会保险职工参保登记、流动人员人事档案接收、流动人员人事档案转出、基本医疗保险职工参保登记、个人住房公积金账户设立等事项的办理，业务办理更加便捷。

　　灵活就业是缓解城镇就业压力、助力劳动者就业增收的重要途径。数据显示，截止到2021年底，我国灵活就业人员已达2亿人，约占总就业人口的近三分之一。为方便灵活就业人员办事，省人社厅会同相关部门实行“灵活就业”一件事创新改革，将涉及人社、医保、税务三个部门的7个服务事项，整合成一件事集成办理。目前，办理时间从10天压缩至5天、跑动次数从5次压缩至无需见面，大大减少了灵活就业人员往返各部门办事的奔波之苦。

　　退休涉及劳动者切实利益，服务便捷与否直接关系群众的体验感和满意度。省人社厅会同住建、医保等单位按照“并事项、减材料、压时限、优服务”原则，整合多个关联“单项事”为“一件事”，推出“企业职工退休”一件事，实现退休申报、退休资格确认、待遇核定发放、医疗保险减员等15个关联业务打包办、集成办。其中，包含了人社部门13个政务服务事项。

　　为优化服务方式，省人社厅在原有服务模式基础上，拓展了单位和职工线上线下办理的渠道，在“爱山东”政务服务网和移动端的上线运行主题集成服务，企业单位和职工只需要到政务服务网“一件事”专区或爱山东APP提出申请，通过电脑或一部手机即可申办“一件事”业务，切实提高了群众的获得感和幸福感。

　　“‘一件事’改革涉及多个部门、多个服务事项，在推进过程中，我们坚持全省统一标准、全省统筹推进，确保真正落实落地。下一步，我们将再造服务流程，再提服务质效，让企业和个人获得全生命周期办事新体验。”省人力资源和社会保障厅政策法规处相关工作负责人介绍。

　　（新黄河记者罗晓飞通讯员范洪艳）

　　（文图：赵筱尘巫邓炎）

[责编：天天中]

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